National Electrical Code (NEC) — Contains guidelines for all types of electrical installations. The 1984 and later
editions of the NEC contain Article 690, "Solar Photovoltaic Systems" which should be followed when installing a
PV system.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) — This organization sets standards for some non-
electronic products like junction boxes.
NEC — See National Electrical Code.
NEMA — See National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
Nickel Cadmium Battery — A battery containing nickel and cadmium plates and an alkaline electrolyte.
Nominal Voltage — A reference voltage used to describe batteries, modules, or systems (i.e., a 12-volt or 24-volt
battery, module, or system).
Normal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) — The estimated temperature of a photovoltaic module when
operating under 800 w/m2 irradiance, 20�C ambient temperature and wind speed of 1 meter per second. NOCT
is used to estimate the nominal operating temperature of a module in its working environment.
N-Type — Negative semiconductor material in which there are more electrons than holes; current is carried
through it by the flow of electrons.
N-Type Semiconductor — A semiconductor produced by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with an electron-
donor impurity (e.g., phosphorus in silicon).
N-Type Silicon — Silicon material that has been doped with a material that has more electrons in its atomic
structure than does silicon.
O
Ohm — A measure of the electrical resistance of a material equal to the resistance of a circuit in which the
potential difference of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere.
One-Axis Tracking — A system capable of rotating about one axis.
Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) — The maximum possible voltage across a photovoltaic cell; the voltage across the
cell in sunlight when no current is flowing.
Operating Point — The current and voltage that a photovoltaic module or array produces when connected to a
load. The operating point is dependent on the load or the batteries connected to the output terminals of the
array.
Orientation — Placement with respect to the cardinal directions, N, S, E, W; azimuth is the measure of orientation
from north.
Outgas — See gassing.
Overcharge — Forcing current into a fully charged battery. The battery will be damaged if overcharged for a
long period.
editions of the NEC contain Article 690, "Solar Photovoltaic Systems" which should be followed when installing a
PV system.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) — This organization sets standards for some non-
electronic products like junction boxes.
NEC — See National Electrical Code.
NEMA — See National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
Nickel Cadmium Battery — A battery containing nickel and cadmium plates and an alkaline electrolyte.
Nominal Voltage — A reference voltage used to describe batteries, modules, or systems (i.e., a 12-volt or 24-volt
battery, module, or system).
Normal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) — The estimated temperature of a photovoltaic module when
operating under 800 w/m2 irradiance, 20�C ambient temperature and wind speed of 1 meter per second. NOCT
is used to estimate the nominal operating temperature of a module in its working environment.
N-Type — Negative semiconductor material in which there are more electrons than holes; current is carried
through it by the flow of electrons.
N-Type Semiconductor — A semiconductor produced by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with an electron-
donor impurity (e.g., phosphorus in silicon).
N-Type Silicon — Silicon material that has been doped with a material that has more electrons in its atomic
structure than does silicon.
O
Ohm — A measure of the electrical resistance of a material equal to the resistance of a circuit in which the
potential difference of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere.
One-Axis Tracking — A system capable of rotating about one axis.
Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) — The maximum possible voltage across a photovoltaic cell; the voltage across the
cell in sunlight when no current is flowing.
Operating Point — The current and voltage that a photovoltaic module or array produces when connected to a
load. The operating point is dependent on the load or the batteries connected to the output terminals of the
array.
Orientation — Placement with respect to the cardinal directions, N, S, E, W; azimuth is the measure of orientation
from north.
Outgas — See gassing.
Overcharge — Forcing current into a fully charged battery. The battery will be damaged if overcharged for a
long period.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
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